4th International Conference on Otolaryngology and Nasal Disorders

International conference on ENT and Advances in Endoscopy

August 28-29, 2020

Singapore

About Larix International

Larix International is a group of prestigious publishers and global scientific conference organizers. Larix International is comprised of Doctors, Engineers, Scientists, and Industrialists administrates the conferences and journals by evaluating the scientific excellence and reviews the future proposals. Larix is an independent, self-governing organization propagates and promotes multi-disciplinary research on various fields of science. We are a non- profit organization, wholly owned by substantial and influential worldwide scientists. We are independent and innovative openness from researchers and academicians around the globe.

About Otolaryngology 2020

Otolaryngology 2020 provides a vibrant platform for sharing knowledge among the ENT Specialists, Doctors, and academicians focusing on the New Research and Treatments. The workshops are designed for academic and industrial benefits who want to have updated knowledge on management and treatment techniques. The Conference gathers expert surgeons in the world to share their experience and guide participants to explore advanced surgical techniques.

Sessions

·       Otolaryngology

·       Head and Neck Oncology

·       Pediatric ENT

·       Rhinology and Allergy

·       Thyroid/Laryngology

·       Otology/ Neurotology

·       Anesthesia in ENT Surgery

·       Surgery For Nasal Disorders

·       Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)

·       Medical Otorhinolaryngology

·       Sinusitis

·       Ear disorders

·       ENT infectious diseases

·       Hearing disorders

·       Cochlear Implants

·       Tinnitus

·       Facial plastic surgery

·       Nasal disorders

·       Current diagnosis and treatment in Otolaryngology

·       Vertigo

Visit: http://entconferences.com

Why And When To See An Otolaryngologist?

To simplify this complex word, Otolaryngology basically means the study of diseases of the ear and throat. The one who specializes in this study and treats people for the same is called an Otolaryngologist. They specialize in certain areas that affect the ear, nose, and throat. Below you will be able to find a list of the seven specialization areas that cover up ENT problems.

Why you may need to see an Otolaryngologist?

An Otolaryngologist is not your regular physician. They treat targeted areas that are ear, nose and throat along with neck or head. You should consult an Otolaryngologist if you are suffering any discomfort or unusual disorder in throat, ears or nose. Rather than going to your family’s general physician, if you have a specific problem in your nose, throat and ears you should consult an Otolaryngologist.

When you may need to see an Otolaryngologist?

Visit an otolaryngologist if you are suffering from one of the following or need consultation regarding facial surgery. An Otolaryngologist specializes in these specific fields. To help you get a targeted consultation on any of the following, visit an otolaryngologist. The list should help you determine when you should visit one :

Nose and sinuses disorders such as nosebleeds, polyps, tumors or stuffy nose.

Allergies of pollen, mold, dust, types of food, or other sensitivities affecting ear, nose, and throat.

Seasonal and perennial rhinitis, otitis media, chronic sinusitis along with laryngitis and sore throat.

Consultation on cosmetic, and facial reconstruction surgery to treat abnormalities of the face and neck or ears such as deviated septum, rhinoplasty (nose), getting a facelift, hair loss and more.

Tumors in head and neck along with thyroid, voice box cancer, lumps in the throat along with other voice problems such as sore throat, hoarseness, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and infections.

Treating ear diseases such as trauma, infection, nerve disorders, hearing impairments and balance.

Child ENT problems such as birth defects of head and neck and other developmental delays.

Following were some simplified reasons why and when it might be the time to visit an Otolaryngologist.

Dr. Paul Drago

What causes you to bleed from the mouth and nose?

The medical term for nose bleeding is epistaxis.   Nose bleeding can be located from the front portion (anterior) of the nose or the rear (posterior part of the nose).

There are four different major reasons for nose bleeding and possible apparent mouth bleeding.

TRAUMA

There is a piece of cartilage between the right and left the side of your nose called the septum.  The septum can often be bent.  It can also have spurs of tissue growing on them.  A normal nose in a dry, non-humid environment can handle the air flow without drying the tissue covering the septum to the point it becomes brittle an easily can bleed.   Think of a nozzle of a water hose.  When you want the water to squirt out faster, then you narrow the hole at the end of the nozzle.  The same thing can happen to a nose with a bent septum and or spurs. The narrowness of the passageway causes air flow speed to increase.  This causes less time for the tissue to recover from the dry air and the tissue (its actually called mucosa) becomes more brittle/fragile and can flake off and start bleeding.   This will cause anterior nasal bleeding.  So under these circumstances, you would not have blood coming out the mouth as well.  This type of bleeding will usually stop spontaneously with a little pressure.  You should buy a humidifier if you sleep in a dry environment and have repeated nose bleeds.

There is also a danger associated with a person who uses topical nasal steroids.  Chronic steroid use can cause the tissue to thin.  This can thin the tissue covering the septum and make it more susceptible to bleeding.

The use of cocaine can cause bleeding even after only one-time use.  But prolonged use of cocaine can lead to the death of areas of the septum and cause perforations (holes between each nostril).  Once the septum is perforated it can be subject to bleeding at any time, but usually, there is some factor that is initiating the bleeding.  (Cocaine is a powerful constrictor of blood vessels. If the blood vessels to the septum are continuously closed off then the septum dies.)

All to the above would likely only cause bleeding to drip from the front of the nose and not cause any blood coming from the mouth.

(Did I forget to mention nose pickers and forceful nose blowers? But they won't have blood coming from both mouth and nose.)

BLEEDING PROBLEMS

Anyone who is taking blood thinners of any type can have bleeding occur from both the anterior and posterior parts of the nose.  If the bleeding is coming from the posterior it will normally go down the back of the throat.  But if someone is leaning forward it will go both ways.  In that case, it may appear that someone is bleeding from both the nose and the mouth if the bleeding is heavy.

There is also a hereditary disease called Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome.  It is autosomal dominant meaning half the children of this gene will get this syndrome.  This syndrome appears in the patient's thirties or later and causes abnormal small dilated blood vessels in the nose lips, tongue, and also vascular malformations in the liver, lungs, and brain.  So this could cause bleeding to occur at any time from both the nose and the mouth.

CANCER OR INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

This is the reason that if you have blood coming from both your nose and mouth you need to see a nose and throat (ENT) doctor asap.   Everything is possible if you have one of these disorders.

POST SURGICAL

If you have had any surgery or laser procedures are done to your nose or to the back of your throat, then you need to follow up with your surgeon immediately or go to the nearest ER post haste if you start bleeding
                                           
                                     

Michael Fiedler

What is the best treatment for vertigo?

Recently, two separate studies have appeared, in the journals Current Treatment Options in Neurology and Otology & Neurotology, respectively that reveal a remarkable natural treatment option for this type of vertigo.

The pessimistic part…

Firstly, while antidepressants like selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed, the evidence that they are effective has been very weak.

Moreover, since they have extremely destructive side effects, such as constant nausea, serious sleep disturbances, and sexual dysfunction, patients have been reluctant to remain on them, as it will ruin their quality of life even further.

Secondly, benzodiazepines are not effective at all. This is a class of drugs for the treatment of anxiety.

Now, the positive part…

Thirdly, Vestibular/balance rehabilitation therapy makes a valuable contribution to the treatment.

This type of therapy uses movements to desensitize you to whichever movements trigger the symptoms. Through repetition, it literally trains your brain to start perceiving the movements differently to the normal movements, rather than its original interpretation of it as a confusing sensory mishmash that causes dizziness.

Fourthly, cognitive-behavioral therapy is also effective.

This therapy addresses the psychological and behavioral aspects of the disorder.

For example, if you are anxious and expecting the worst when you move around, the symptoms of dizziness are more likely to occur, leading to further anxiety and caution, which could then lead to more severe symptoms and a downward spiral of fear and physical dysfunction.

By teaching you to view your symptoms more positively and to increase your control over them, you can break this damaging cycle.

Yuanita Artina

Try These Minerals and Vitamins for Tinnitus

 Natural vitamins might help relieve ringing in the ears, but more often than not you’re just masking the problem. We advocate focusing on solving the primary reason behind the issue, since this is the one positive way to get long-lasting comfort.

Although at this time there is no cure for tinnitus, encouraging research is now suggesting that some health supplements and vitamins for ringing in the ears could be helpful in relieving the symptoms, with the three typically advised becoming Zinc, Vitamin B12 and Ginkgo Biloba.

Zinc Therapy For Tinnitus

Zinc can be a nutrient that is required to the body’s wellness and must be taken frequently. Studies have revealed that zinc deficiency frequently occurs among tinnitus victims.

More research is simply being undertaken around the effects of zinc dietary supplements on buzzing in the ears. To date, this research has been inconclusive. It did nonetheless demonstrate that for some patients there seemed to be a noticeable difference in the patient’s tinnitus right after a course of zinc.

It is vital to talk to your health practitioner about using zinc health supplements before you set about a course of zinc supplementation.

Food items loaded with zinc:

§  Liver organ

§  Beef

§  Lamb & Mutton

§  Oysters, Lobster, Crab

§  Nut products which include nuts

§  Plant seeds such as pumpkin

§  Milk Products

Nutritional B12 Therapy For Ringing in the ears

Vitamin supplement B12 is essential to the body’s properly is and getting one of several better-known vitamin supplements for ringing in the ears. Research has yet again demonstrated that Supplement B12 insufficiency is typical between tinnitus patients. Once again the studies so far are inconclusive, nevertheless, a number of sufferers have seen an improvement inside the sound level soon after B12 therapy.

Just before embarking on a training course of B12 remedy, it is important that you just talk to your Doctor.

Food items rich in nutritional B12:

§  Oily Species of fish

§  Oysters, Lobster, Crab

§  Beef

§  Dairy products

§  Chicken eggs

§  Liver

§  Mutton

Ginkgo Treatment For Tinnitus

Chinese People have been using Ginkgo Biloba for centuries for the purpose of increasing the flow of blood in individuals and to stop free-radicals from destroying tissue. This holistic supplement is readily available and has been used effectively for ringing in the ears. The Ginkgo Biloba plant produces the leaves and seeds from which the supplements are extracted.

Up to now no conclusive tests have been performed around the positive effects of Ginkgo Biloba. Even so, preliminary trials have demonstrated definite improvement for several tinnitus patients.

Before you decide to engage in Ginkgo Biloba treatment talk to your Doctor since the taking of Ginkgo Biloba will increase blood flow during the entire body. Should you be pregnant, or already taking blood flow or thinning prescription medication, or if you a considering a surgical procedure in the near future, it is not advised.

IMPORTANT: – Ginkgo Biloba seeds, if not prepared in a specific way, can be poisonous.

Other Natural Vitamins For Tinnitus

Vitamin A

Vitamin A is stored by the body in the inner ear whose objective is to enable the ear to understand different sounds properly. Fruits and vegetables are excellent natural resources for Vitamin A. No conclusive analysis on the effect of Vitamin A on ringing in ears is available.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E Antioxidant boosts the flow of blood for the body like the ears. The resultant elevated oxygen source on the ears may possibly reduce the tinnitus. No conclusive investigation about the effect of Vitamin E Antioxidant on ringing in ears is available.

Magnesium

The mineral magnesium is essential on the proper functioning in the tense coronary heart and program. Some ringing in ears patients has found alleviation by taking Magnesium supplements under the charge of a Doctor.

Natural Remedies

Analysis to date is not capable to prove that any herbal remedies will assist ringing in ears victims.

Whichever the alternate remedy you may be thinking about, e.g., the taking of vitamins for tinnitus relief, it is crucial that you check with your medical practitioner first and be led by him or her. Some alternative treatments may not be in the best the interest of the affected person due to other underlying current health concerns.

                                    

                                                                

What is tinnitus, and what are its causes and remedies?

Tinnitus is a ringing in the ears or other noise that persists and can interfere with a person’s regular hearing. It is usually temporary but can become permanent in some cases.

About 50 million Americans have tinnitus and report hissing, clicking, or whistling sounds. Most people who have it are over 50, but it can happen at any age.

Causes

No one is exactly sure of the cause, but common factors include excessive or cumulative noise exposure, head and neck injuries, ear infections, stress, and occasionally some sort of underlying medical condition.

Certain medicines can harm hearing. Those who take aspirin in large doses should beware.

Cure

Unfortunately, there is no cure for tinnitus, but there are ways of managing it. In four out of five cases, it is a mild annoyance the person gets used to. With one in five cases, however, the sufferer will find it disturbing or debilitating to the point where they feel their quality of life has been compromised.

The Effects of Tinnitus

The effect will vary with the degree of the "noise" in the person’s head. It can make it hard to hear because of the noise and the distraction. It can also lead to insomnia, difficulty with concentration, poor school performance, trouble at work, irritability, anxiety, and depression. The person may feel socially isolated because they have trouble following a conversation and hearing well.

Tinnitus usually sounds like a steady, high-pitched ringing and is subjective - that is, only the person who has it can hear it. Strangely enough, though, in about 1% of cases, others can actually hear the noise. In such cases, experts speculate it may come from cardiovascular or musculoskeletal movements within the person's body, and could potentially be the sign of a medical emergency.

Treatment

The first step is to see a doctor, who can help you pinpoint any underlying cause of tinnitus so you can choose the right treatment. This may include:

* Treating an ear infection

* Stopping any medications harmful to your ear health

* Treating any temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, which affect the joint between the jaw bone and the cheekbone and might affect hearing

There is no cure for most cases of tinnitus, and most people get used to it over time. Trying to ignore it makes it easier to tune it out most of the time.

Some people also try alternative and home remedies. You will often see (expensive) herbal supplements that claim they can help. Most won’t, but up to 33% of people get relief from what is known as the placebo effect - that is, being convinced that a pill is helping them even though it contains no remedy.

Sound therapy uses external sound to try to cover over the sound in the sufferer's head. Background music or a white noise machine can help. The covering noise should be pleasant, not annoying and not too loud.

Hearing aids can also be used as sound therapy by increasing the environmental sounds around the person and stopping them from paying attention to their tinnitus.

Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) involves accepting the sound as normal rather than annoying. A trained professional will help with the TRT and provide a device that produces white noise. Ongoing counseling sessions can also help people regain a good standard of living. It is said to be successful in 80% of cases.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help relieve depression in people with tinnitus, though it does nothing to reduce the noise.

Dealing with sleep issues such as insomnia and mood issues such as depression can improve quality of life.

Reducing stress and avoiding any further damage to your hearing can help. Avoiding contact sports and wearing a helmet will protect against head injury.

                                                    

Mayank Jain

Does mobile radiation cause ear cancer? What are the symptoms if it is caused?

Cancer in the ear has a broad classification of a major class called head and neck cancer. The evaluation of otorrhea is the major stake for any such new or neoplasms that one may want to explore or exclude from other diagnoses.

Otorrhea means drainage of liquid from the ear and results from external ear canal pathology or middle ear disease with tympanic membrane perforation.

Cancer is a rare cause of otorrhea but should be considered in patients with abnormal tissue growth in the ear canal or a lack of response to prolonged external otitis treatment. These patients warrant prompt referral to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist with pediatric expertise.

Ear canal cancer occurs far less frequently than auricular cancer, although the presentation and behavior are more sinister. In the early stages, it is often indistinguishable from external otitis. In addition, rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma may manifest as auditory canal tumors in children.

Otorrhea may often be caused by one of several more benign diseases. Clinical findings with the cleansing of debris will differentiate among most of these etiologies.

Malignant external otitis (also termed necrotizing external otitis) is a severe, potentially fatal complication of acute bacterial external otitis. Most common in elderly diabetic patients or other immunocompromised individuals, it occurs when the infection spreads from the skin to bone and marrow spaces of the skull base (also involving soft tissue and cartilage of the temporal region).

Patients typically have severe otalgia and otorrhea with pain that appears out of proportion to examination findings. Granulation tissue at the bony-cartilaginous junction of the ear canal floor is a classic finding. Edema, erythema, and frank necrosis of ear canal skin may be evident. Cranial nerve palsies are a poor prognostic sign. Patients generally have a markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Diagnosis is aided with an abnormal MRI or CT scan showing the extension of infection into bony structures. Patients who may have malignant external otitis should be promptly referred to an otolaryngologist.

                  

Kala Rajeshwari

What can a person do if a born without an eardrum?

If born without an eardrum, the person will usually have more significant ear abnormalities. Your ENT doc can advise you of surgical options (would likely refer to a pediatric ENT or an Otologist). A temporary measure would include getting a bone conduction hearing aid (this bypasses the eardrum by directing sound directly into the bones of the head).  

Head and Neck Cancer: Latest Research

Doctors are working to learn more about the head and neck cancer, ways to prevent it, how to best treat it, and how to provide the best care to people diagnosed with this disease. The following areas of research may include new options for patients through clinical trials. Always talk to your doctor about the best diagnostic and treatment options for you. 

• New medications. Many studies are underway to learn more about new types of drugs that may help treat head and neck cancer. 
• Immunotherapy. An active area of immunotherapy research is focused on drugs that block a protein called PD-1. PD-1 is found on the surface of T cells, which are a type of white blood cell that directly helps the body’s immune system fight disease. Because PD-1 keeps the immune system from destroying cancer cells, stopping PD-1 from working allows the immune system to better eliminate the disease. There are 2 immunotherapy drugs approved for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent head and neck cancers (see Treatment Options). Researchers are studying PD-1 immunotherapy for people with recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer in clinical trials.  

                      

• Combined therapies. Most research for head and neck cancer focuses on combining different types of treatments to improve treatment effectiveness and the patient’s quality of life.                                                                                                                                      
                                                            

Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA). RFA is a minimally invasive treatment option that applies heat to the tumor to destroy cancer cells. It is usually used to treat a localized tumor that cannot be removed by surgery.                                                                

   

• Gene therapy. Gene therapy is a targeted form of treatment that uses biologic gene manipulation to change bits of the genetic code in a person’s cells. Although gene therapy is relatively new, it appears to show promise in treating head and neck cancer.                                                                                                                                               
      

Photodynamic therapy. In photodynamic therapy, a light-sensitive substance is injected into the tumor that stays longer in cancer cells than in healthy cells. A laser is then directed at the tumor to destroy the cancer cells. The long-term effects of photodynamic therapy are still being studied.                                                                             

• Proton therapy. Proton therapy can be added to a treatment plan to reduce the damage done to healthy tissue. This radiation therapy technique may help protect important structures in the head, such as the brainstem and the optic nerves that run to the eyes, when used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer, chordoma, or chondrosarcoma. A chordoma is a rare tumor that usually occurs in the spine or the base of the skull. Chondrosarcoma is a tumor that develops in cartilage.                                                                                                                                                                    
  

HPV. Researchers continue to investigate the link between HPV and head and neck cancers. These studies are evaluating why HPV raises the risk of the disease and how the virus may affect the outcome of some treatments. Studies are also looking at whether the HPV vaccine that is currently used to prevent cervical, vaginal, vulvar and anal cancer is effective at preventing some head and neck cancers as well.                                                                                                                                                   

• Palliative care. Clinical trials are underway to find better ways of reducing symptoms and side effects of current head and neck cancer treatments to improve patients’ comfort and quality of life.