How could a virus get into the nasal cavity?

The nose is the entrance door of the air in our body and intervenes in an essential event for survival: breathing.

Since breathing is vital, Mother Nature has provided us with an emergency channel that intervenes in the event of a blockage of the nose: oral respiration. If it were not possible to breathe from the mouth we would risk dying suffocated even after a common cold.

Breathing through the mouth must be an exceptional event and of short duration, because the air flows that pass through this channel do not enjoy the effect of air conditioning provided by the nose. The breathing of non-conditioned air over time has serious repercussions on the lower airways (trachea and bronchi).

To give an idea of the quantities of air involved, it should be borne in mind that in an adult person, in a state of rest, pass through the nose about 6 l of air per minute, to reach 50-70l/minute, during intense physical efforts! The passage of such quantities of air is considerable work for the internal structures of the nose.

What is the meaning of sphenoid sinus mucosal thickening?

The best laymen's term would probably be “stuffiness”. All of the sinuses (look in an illustrated anatomy book) are lined with mucous membranes just like what is in your nose. Thickening is usually due to allergies, irritants like smoke or dust, or infections from bacteria or viruses. It may be chronic (which means present for a long time) or acute (shorter time, but not necessarily more severe). Rarely, thickening can be due to cancer. Hope this helps.

Can you get tinnitus from vamping?

Tinnitus is one of the possible side effects of PG consumption — not everyone gets it, but some do. If you’re getting tinnitus and you’re vamping, then you need to use less PG. If you buy commercial juice, you’re already getting a very high level of VG compared to PG, so you may have to start making your own liquid, and use nicotine in a VG base, and only flavours in VG base — there are a few flavour lines that offer VG-based flavours - so you can vale without any PG. Alternately, you could use lower wattage/temp to create less vapour, so you’re not getting so much vapour with each draw.

Trying to create weather by vamping can’t possibly be a good thing, and those who can vale that way without any unpleasant side effects are in the minority. Vamping is harm REDUCTION, not harm elimination, and creating/inhaling LESS vapour is always a good idea.

4th International Conference on Otolaryngology and Nasal Disorders

International conference on ENT and Advances in Endoscopy

August 28-29, 2020

Singapore

About Larix International

Larix International is a group of prestigious publishers and global scientific conference organizers. Larix International is comprised of Doctors, Engineers, Scientists, and Industrialists administrates the conferences and journals by evaluating the scientific excellence and reviews the future proposals. Larix is an independent, self-governing organization propagates and promotes multi-disciplinary research on various fields of science. We are a non- profit organization, wholly owned by substantial and influential worldwide scientists. We are independent and innovative openness from researchers and academicians around the globe.

About Otolaryngology 2020

Otolaryngology 2020 provides a vibrant platform for sharing knowledge among the ENT Specialists, Doctors, and academicians focusing on the New Research and Treatments. The workshops are designed for academic and industrial benefits who want to have updated knowledge on management and treatment techniques. The Conference gathers expert surgeons in the world to share their experience and guide participants to explore advanced surgical techniques.

Sessions

·       Otolaryngology

·       Head and Neck Oncology

·       Pediatric ENT

·       Rhinology and Allergy

·       Thyroid/Laryngology

·       Otology/ Neurotology

·       Anesthesia in ENT Surgery

·       Surgery For Nasal Disorders

·       Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)

·       Medical Otorhinolaryngology

·       Sinusitis

·       Ear disorders

·       ENT infectious diseases

·       Hearing disorders

·       Cochlear Implants

·       Tinnitus

·       Facial plastic surgery

·       Nasal disorders

·       Current diagnosis and treatment in Otolaryngology

·       Vertigo

Visit: http://entconferences.com

Why And When To See An Otolaryngologist?

To simplify this complex word, Otolaryngology basically means the study of diseases of the ear and throat. The one who specializes in this study and treats people for the same is called an Otolaryngologist. They specialize in certain areas that affect the ear, nose, and throat. Below you will be able to find a list of the seven specialization areas that cover up ENT problems.

Why you may need to see an Otolaryngologist?

An Otolaryngologist is not your regular physician. They treat targeted areas that are ear, nose and throat along with neck or head. You should consult an Otolaryngologist if you are suffering any discomfort or unusual disorder in throat, ears or nose. Rather than going to your family’s general physician, if you have a specific problem in your nose, throat and ears you should consult an Otolaryngologist.

When you may need to see an Otolaryngologist?

Visit an otolaryngologist if you are suffering from one of the following or need consultation regarding facial surgery. An Otolaryngologist specializes in these specific fields. To help you get a targeted consultation on any of the following, visit an otolaryngologist. The list should help you determine when you should visit one :

Nose and sinuses disorders such as nosebleeds, polyps, tumors or stuffy nose.

Allergies of pollen, mold, dust, types of food, or other sensitivities affecting ear, nose, and throat.

Seasonal and perennial rhinitis, otitis media, chronic sinusitis along with laryngitis and sore throat.

Consultation on cosmetic, and facial reconstruction surgery to treat abnormalities of the face and neck or ears such as deviated septum, rhinoplasty (nose), getting a facelift, hair loss and more.

Tumors in head and neck along with thyroid, voice box cancer, lumps in the throat along with other voice problems such as sore throat, hoarseness, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and infections.

Treating ear diseases such as trauma, infection, nerve disorders, hearing impairments and balance.

Child ENT problems such as birth defects of head and neck and other developmental delays.

Following were some simplified reasons why and when it might be the time to visit an Otolaryngologist.

Dr. Paul Drago

What causes you to bleed from the mouth and nose?

The medical term for nose bleeding is epistaxis.   Nose bleeding can be located from the front portion (anterior) of the nose or the rear (posterior part of the nose).

There are four different major reasons for nose bleeding and possible apparent mouth bleeding.

TRAUMA

There is a piece of cartilage between the right and left the side of your nose called the septum.  The septum can often be bent.  It can also have spurs of tissue growing on them.  A normal nose in a dry, non-humid environment can handle the air flow without drying the tissue covering the septum to the point it becomes brittle an easily can bleed.   Think of a nozzle of a water hose.  When you want the water to squirt out faster, then you narrow the hole at the end of the nozzle.  The same thing can happen to a nose with a bent septum and or spurs. The narrowness of the passageway causes air flow speed to increase.  This causes less time for the tissue to recover from the dry air and the tissue (its actually called mucosa) becomes more brittle/fragile and can flake off and start bleeding.   This will cause anterior nasal bleeding.  So under these circumstances, you would not have blood coming out the mouth as well.  This type of bleeding will usually stop spontaneously with a little pressure.  You should buy a humidifier if you sleep in a dry environment and have repeated nose bleeds.

There is also a danger associated with a person who uses topical nasal steroids.  Chronic steroid use can cause the tissue to thin.  This can thin the tissue covering the septum and make it more susceptible to bleeding.

The use of cocaine can cause bleeding even after only one-time use.  But prolonged use of cocaine can lead to the death of areas of the septum and cause perforations (holes between each nostril).  Once the septum is perforated it can be subject to bleeding at any time, but usually, there is some factor that is initiating the bleeding.  (Cocaine is a powerful constrictor of blood vessels. If the blood vessels to the septum are continuously closed off then the septum dies.)

All to the above would likely only cause bleeding to drip from the front of the nose and not cause any blood coming from the mouth.

(Did I forget to mention nose pickers and forceful nose blowers? But they won't have blood coming from both mouth and nose.)

BLEEDING PROBLEMS

Anyone who is taking blood thinners of any type can have bleeding occur from both the anterior and posterior parts of the nose.  If the bleeding is coming from the posterior it will normally go down the back of the throat.  But if someone is leaning forward it will go both ways.  In that case, it may appear that someone is bleeding from both the nose and the mouth if the bleeding is heavy.

There is also a hereditary disease called Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome.  It is autosomal dominant meaning half the children of this gene will get this syndrome.  This syndrome appears in the patient's thirties or later and causes abnormal small dilated blood vessels in the nose lips, tongue, and also vascular malformations in the liver, lungs, and brain.  So this could cause bleeding to occur at any time from both the nose and the mouth.

CANCER OR INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

This is the reason that if you have blood coming from both your nose and mouth you need to see a nose and throat (ENT) doctor asap.   Everything is possible if you have one of these disorders.

POST SURGICAL

If you have had any surgery or laser procedures are done to your nose or to the back of your throat, then you need to follow up with your surgeon immediately or go to the nearest ER post haste if you start bleeding
                                           
                                     

Michael Fiedler

What is the best treatment for vertigo?

Recently, two separate studies have appeared, in the journals Current Treatment Options in Neurology and Otology & Neurotology, respectively that reveal a remarkable natural treatment option for this type of vertigo.

The pessimistic part…

Firstly, while antidepressants like selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed, the evidence that they are effective has been very weak.

Moreover, since they have extremely destructive side effects, such as constant nausea, serious sleep disturbances, and sexual dysfunction, patients have been reluctant to remain on them, as it will ruin their quality of life even further.

Secondly, benzodiazepines are not effective at all. This is a class of drugs for the treatment of anxiety.

Now, the positive part…

Thirdly, Vestibular/balance rehabilitation therapy makes a valuable contribution to the treatment.

This type of therapy uses movements to desensitize you to whichever movements trigger the symptoms. Through repetition, it literally trains your brain to start perceiving the movements differently to the normal movements, rather than its original interpretation of it as a confusing sensory mishmash that causes dizziness.

Fourthly, cognitive-behavioral therapy is also effective.

This therapy addresses the psychological and behavioral aspects of the disorder.

For example, if you are anxious and expecting the worst when you move around, the symptoms of dizziness are more likely to occur, leading to further anxiety and caution, which could then lead to more severe symptoms and a downward spiral of fear and physical dysfunction.

By teaching you to view your symptoms more positively and to increase your control over them, you can break this damaging cycle.

Yuanita Artina